Sources for "Integrating expert and public input into policy design"

Sources

Sources are of two types: theoretical (about theories of public-expert deliberation in STS) and topic-related (those related to self-driving cars). Among topic-related sources, I have made a distinction between primary sources (e.g. California’s vehicle collision report repository) and secondary sources (an analysis by the journalist Timothy Lee of these collision reports).

For reasons of space—this post was getting way too long—you can access the sources on a separate page.

Theoretical sources: 

  • Eyal, Gil. 2019. Trust (Extracts). From The Crisis of Expertise.

  • Collins, Harry and Robert Evans. 2007. The Periodic Table of Expertises 1: Ubiquitous and Specialist Expertises. From Rethinking Expertise.

  • Wynn, Brian. 1992. Misunderstood misunderstandings: social identities and public uptake of science. Public Understanding of Science 1 (281-304).

  • Jasanoff, Sheila. 2005. Civic Epistemology. From Designs on Nature: Science and Democracy in Europe and the United States.

  • Sarewitz, Daniel. 2004. How science makes environmental controversies worse. Environmental Science & Policy 7: 385–403.

  • Daston, Lorraine, and Peter Galison. "The image of objectivity." Representations 40 (1992): 81-128.

  • Schmalensee, Richard. 2012. Lecture on "Making Public Policy." MIT Open Courseware. Slides for lecture are here: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/15-031j-energy-decisions-markets-and-policies-spring-2012/resources/mit15_031js12_lec19/ [This lecture discusses different procedural theories of democracy and policy. It will tell you the distinction between a organized interest group, a public, and a social movement. It asks: how might we think about policy-making in terms of reconciling between different publics and interest groups?]

  • Stilgoe, Jack, Richard Owen, and Phil Macnaghten. 2013. Developing a framework for responsible innovation. Research Policy 42: 1568-1580. [This paper describes a framework for responsible innovation. Note that the paper is describing some policy frameworks for currently ongoing research. Your case is somewhat different: the technology is developed and you are deciding whether to approve its use in real-world contexts. Nevertheless, you will find much to learn here: look at tables 1 and 2. Table 2 especially provides a list of ways in which you can incorporate public and expert input.]

  • Klein, Ezra. 2019. What deliberative democracy can, and can't, do with Jane Mansbridge. The Ezra Klein Show.

  • Dryzek, J.S., Bächtiger, A., Chambers, S., Cohen, J., Druckman, J.N., Felicetti, A., Fishkin, J.S., Farrell, D.M., Fung, A., Gutmann, A. and Landemore, H., 2019. The crisis of democracy and the science of deliberation. Science363, pp.1144-1146. [Some authors' names have been truncated because there are so many of them.]

Topic-related sources: 

Among topic-related sources, I will make a distinction between "primary" and "secondary" sources. Primary sources are things like government reports that you can investigate for yourself; they are "data," so to speak. Secondary sources can be opinions; some are based on the analysis of the primary sources. E.g. this piece by the journalist Timothy Lee is a secondary source that is based on the analysis of the crash reports submitted by Waymo and Cruise to the SF city government which the government shares on its website in the interests of transparency. 

Primary sources:

  • Nicholson, Jeanine, Darius Luttropp, Nicole Jones, Julia Friedlander. 2023. CPUC Status Conference: Safety Issues Regarding Driverless AV Interactions with First Responders. [pdf] [This is a presentation made by the heads of the SFFD, SFPD, and SFMTA on issues with driverless vehicles.] 

  • Zhang, Louise. 2023. Cruise’s Safety Record Over 1 Million Driverless Miles. Cruise Blog. https://getcruise.com/news/blog/2023/cruises-safety-record-over-one-million-driverless-miles/. [This is a post by the company GM Cruise--written by their VP of Safety and Systems--about their safety record. It has some videos of crashes as well. You will find other posts on this blog that you can use as well.]

  • Waymo Team. 2021. The Waymo Driver Handbook: Teaching an autonomous vehicle how to perceive and understand the world around it. Waymo Blog. https://waymo.com/blog/2021/10/the-waymo-driver-handbook-perception.html.

  • 2023. Memos from San Francisco Fire Department to Cruise regarding inappropriate behavior of vehicles. [pdf

  • Di Lillo, Luigi, Tilia Gode, Xilin Zhou, Margherita Atzei, Ruoshu Chen, and Trent Victor. 2023. Comparative Safety Performance of Autonomous- and Human Drivers: A Real-World Case Study of the Waymo One Service. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.01206. [This is a research study that analyzes third-party insurance liability insurance claims from Waymo.] 

  • JJRicks. 2023. Rides with Waymo. YouTube playlist.

  • JJRicks. 2023. Rides with Cruise. YouTube playlist.

  • Pew Research Center. 2022. Americans cautious about the deployment of driverless cars. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2022/03/17/americans-cautious-about-the-deployment-of-driverless-cars/ [This is a recent survey conducted by the Pew Research Center describing how Americans think about driverless vehicles. Some of the questions asked here might give you some ideas about your policy options.]

  • Economic and Social Research Council. 2022. Driverless Futures?: A Survey of US Public Attitudes. [Again, these might give you some ideas about how the public thinks and of policy options.]

  • Economic and Social Research Council. 2022. Driverless Futures?: A Survey of UK Public Attitudes.

  • Economic and Social Research Council. 2022. Driverless Futures?: A Survey of Expert Attitudes. [Might be useful to understand how experts think about driverless vehicles.]

Secondary sources: 

Understanding AI
Driverless cars may already be safer than human drivers
I’m a journalist with a computer science master’s degree. In the past I’ve written for the Washington Post, Ars Technica, and other publications…
Read more
  • Lee, Timothy. 2023. Do driverless cars have a first responder problem? Understanding AI.

Understanding AI
Do driverless cars have a first responder problem?
I’m a journalist with a computer science master’s degree. In the past I’ve written for the Washington Post, Ars Technica, and other publications…
Read more
  • Lee, Timothy. 2023. California suspension is an existential threat to Cruise. Understanding AI.

Understanding AI
California suspension is an existential threat to Cruise
On Tuesday, the California Department of Motor Vehicles ordered Cruise, the self-driving subsidiary of General Motors, to suspend all driverless operations in the state. It’s a major setback for Cruise because until this week the company had far more vehicles active in San Francisco than any other metro area…
Read more
Understanding AI
The death of self-driving cars is greatly exaggerated
I’m a journalist with a computer science master’s degree. In the past I’ve written for the Washington Post, Ars Technica, and other publications…
Read more
  • Stayton, Erik. 2016. Sensing, Seeing, and Knowing: The Human and the Self-Driving Car. Spectator 36:1 (8-24).

  • Stilgoe, Jack. 2020. The Collaborative State. From Who's Driving Innovation. Palgrave.